İşgal ve Mütareke Yılları

1918'de feshedilen Mebusan Meclisi, 12 Ocak 1920'de yeniden toplandı ve 28 Ocak'ta Misak-ı Milli'yi (Milli Sözleşme) onayladı. 4 Mart 1920'de Londra Konferansı'nda İstanbul'un işgali onaylandı. 4 Mart'ta posta idaresi ofisi işgal edildi. 15 Mart gecesi genel işgal eylemi tetiklendi. Sabah saatlerinde çok sayıda asker İstanbul'u işgal etti ve şehrin önemli yerleri kontrol altına alındı. Sabah geç saatlerde şehir tamamen işgal edildi. Öğleden sonra İngiliz askerleri Parlamento Meclisi binasına baskın düzenledi. Ve 11 Nisan'da Parlamenterler Meclisi kapatıldı. Yaklaşık 150 siyasetçi Malta'ya sürgün edildi. Bu dönemde İstanbul'da bazı gizli örgütler kurularak özgürlük propagandası yapmaya başladı. Devriye Cemiyeti, Mim Grubu ve Milli Savunma Teşkilatı o dönemde İstanbul'daki en etkili gizli örgütlerdi. Gösteriler düzenlediler, silah, asker ve mühimmat teslimi, gizli bilgi alışverişi gibi faaliyetlerde bulundular.

istanbul.com Editor
istanbul.com Editor
30 Eylül 2022 • 2 min
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İşgal ve Mütareke Yılları

9 Ekim 1920'de Türk askerleri, yüce milli lider Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün önderliğinde İzmir sınırlarına girdi. Bu olay İstanbul'un bağımsızlık sürecini başlatmıştır. 11 Ekim'de imzalanan Mudanya Anlaşması ile işgalci güçlerin Trakya'yı kademeli olarak terk etmesi kararlaştırıldı. Ankara'da toplanan Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, 1 Kasım 1922'de Osmanlı hanedanının kaldırıldığını ilan etti. Dolayısıyla İstanbul, Ekim 1923'e kadar yasal başkent olarak kalsa da artık gerçek başkent değildi. 16 Kasım'da Sultan Vahdettin İstanbul'dan ayrıldı.

4 Kasım 1923'te İstanbul tamamen işgalci güçlerden arındırılmıştı. Böylelikle 1204 yılındaki Latin istilasından sonra İstanbul'un Avrupalılar tarafından ikinci kez işgali de sonlandırılmıştır.

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