After the first world war, the ottoman empire was defeated with its allies. after the mondros armistice was signed, a fleet of 55 ships anchored at the banks of haydarpaşa port in november 13, 1918 and therefore the invasion of istanbul began.
The Parliamentary Assembly, which was annulled in 1918, convened again in January 12, 1920 and ratified Misak-ı Milli (National Contract) on January 28. On March 4, 1920, and the invasion of Istanbul was approved at London Conference. In March 4, the postal administration office was invaded. On the night of March 15, the action of general invasion was triggered. In the morning, a large number of soldiers invaded Istanbul and important parts of the city were taken under control. In late morning, the city was completely occupied. And in the afternoon English soldiers raided the Parliament Assembly building. And on April 11, the Parliamentary Assembly was closed. About 150 politicians were exiled to Malta. During this period, some secret organizations were formed in Istanbul and started agitating for freedom. Patrolling Society, Mim Group and National Defense organization were the most influential secret organizations in Istanbul during that period. They organized demonstrations and carried out activities like handover of arms, soldiers and munitions and exchanging secret information.
On October 9, 1920, Turkish soldiers entered Izmir’s boundaries led by supreme national leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. This event started the independence process for Istanbul. With the Mudanya Agreement signed on October 11, it was agreed that the invading forces would leave Thrace gradually. The Turkish Grand National Assembly that convened in Ankara declared the Ottoman dynasty be abolished in November 1, 1922. Therefore, even though Istanbul remained the legal capital until October 1923, it was no longer the actual capital. On November 16 Sultan Vahdettin left Istanbul.
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In November 4, 1923, Istanbul was completely free of invading forces. Therefore, the second invasion of Istanbul by Europeans after the Latin invasion of 1204 was terminated.
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While carbonated drinks are often served before or alongside meals in world cuisines, natural Turkish drinks are also offered in Ottoman and Turkish cuisine. It is enriched with delicious sherbets made from various fruits and plants in Turkish cuisine, both in smell and taste and after-dinner drinks such as Turkish coffee.
Istanbul is the most populous city in Turkey, and therefore this city is continually inhabited, regardless of whether it is day or night. Istanbul, which is considered one of the largest cities in the world in the category of cities that never sleep, has attracted the attention of different nationalities and empires over the centuries. The charm of Istanbul has influenced many to this day, and this continues to be the case. Today, we will look at a couple of nightclubs you may want to see in Istanbul.
Everyone knows about istanbul’s beautiful sights and famous landmarks like hagia sophia, blue mosque, the grand bazaar, and the bosphorus and everyone visited istanbul has tasted the delicious food or drank a hot turkish coffee.
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Spend an unforgettable night out in Istanbul! From the vibrant energy of Taksim and Şişli to the cool vibes of Kadıköy, this city's buzzing nightlife scene has something to offer everyone, whether you crave pulsating dance floors or intimate live music venues.
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